Vicissitude

noun (usually plural: vicissitudes)
/vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd/ (British); /vɪˈsɪsɪtuːd/ (American)
A change of circumstances or fortune, especially an unwelcome or unpredictable one; (usually plural, "vicissitudes") the alternating ups and downs and reversals of fortune that mark life or an undertaking.

✍️ Usage in a UPSC answer

A resilient welfare architecture must cushion the poorest households against the vicissitudes of the market, ensuring that a sudden price shock or a failed monsoon does not push the vulnerable into irreversible destitution.

Synonyms

fluctuationmutabilitychangealternationups and downsvariation

Antonyms

stabilityconstancypermanenceuniformity

🌱 Word Family

vicissitudes (n pl), vicissitudinous (adj), vicissitudinary (adj, rare)

🔡 Root

Latin vicissitudo = change, alternation; from vicissim = by turns; from vicis = a turn, change

📜 Etymology

Early 17th-century English, from French, or from Latin vicissitudo "change, alternation," from vicissim "by turns, in turn," from vicis "a turn, change, alternation."

🧠 Memory Hook

Think of the Latin root vicis ('turn, change') seen in 'vice-versa' (the order turned around) - vicissitude is life turning, again and again, by turns of fortune.

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