BharatNotes Comity
noun (uncountable)Usage in a UPSC answer
The principle of comity requires that High Courts, while exercising jurisdiction in a matter, refrain from making observations that might embarrass or pre-empt proceedings pending before a co-ordinate bench.
Synonyms
Antonyms
Word Family
comitas (Latin source form), comity of nations (compound noun phrase)
Root
Latin comitas (courtesy, kindness) ← comis (courteous) ← com- (together) + ire (to go)
Etymology
Directly from Latin comitas (friendliness, politeness), used in the legal phrase comitas gentium (courtesy of nations) by 17th-century Dutch jurist Ulrich Huber, who articulated the basis for interstate recognition of laws. Adopted into English legal vocabulary via international private law.
Memory Hook
COMITY sounds like COMMUNITY — it is the spirit of being a good community member among nations or institutions, showing mutual respect and courtesy rather than asserting brute power.
How This Word Works in UPSC Writing
Courteous mutual recognition between equals, whether States or courts. In GS2 it does specific work in two places: comity of nations, the practice by which States respect one another's laws and judgments without being legally bound to, and comity between courts or between organs of State. The essential point is that comity is voluntary deference rather than obligation, which is why it can be withdrawn.
Don’t Confuse It With
Comity is voluntary mutual respect without legal compulsion. Reciprocity is conditional, doing so because the other does. Obligation under treaty is legally binding. Federal comity describes the mutual respect expected between the Union and the States and between organs of government.
Hindi Meaning
सौजन्य (saujanya, courtesy) or राष्ट्रों की सौजन्यता for comity of nations.
Common Questions
- What is comity?
- Courteous mutual recognition and respect between equals, such as States or courts, extended voluntarily rather than as a legal obligation.
- Is comity legally binding?
- No. Comity is voluntary deference based on mutual respect, which distinguishes it from binding treaty obligations.
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